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6/25/2020

Augmented Realities

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Can it be true that my last blog was 4 years ago? 

If so, another one is long overdue. Strap yerself in... 

This time I’m writing a few words ahead of my next performance, which is this coming Sunday – ‘Pianoscapes’ on June 28th. I’ll be explaining some of the reasons for the musical choices, but there are going to be various threads to this, and a number of inescapable but necessary diversions. Bear with me…

I’m starting with this: it seems to me that, as we emerge from ‘Lockdown’ into some kind of ‘post-Lockdown middle ground’, that the unresolved sounds of the whole-tone scale, and the ‘augmented’ tonalities that it generates, seem to be coming up as the ‘Music of the Lockdown’ in my world… That seems very appropriate: time is suspended; there’s no obvious direction; everything (except for nature) is in a kind of stasis… this scale, and the chords that it generates, encapsulate this ennui very well….

In the first ‘Zoom’ lessons with my student George – back at the end of March and into early April - we’d been working on, amongst other things, Liszt’s ‘Consolation no.3’. Hot on the heels of this, and to round out his knowledge of Liszt (ie. not just as the virtuoso composer and performer of the High Romantic Age, but also, in his old age, as a pioneer of ‘expanding tonality’ at the end of the 19thC), I had George have a look at ‘Nuages Gris’. This short piece of music, composed in 1881, dwells almost exclusively in the strange land of ‘augmented tonality’ – as do most of Liszt’s late pieces – and it’s a murky place of unresolved and mysterious chord progressions, leading the listener into existential places…
Off the back of this – and as a way of connecting all of this back to jazz (we’d also been looking at Jacob Collier’s arrangements, and extended harmonies of various kinds) - I set him the task of composing a piece for piano that only uses augmented chords and sus4 chords, to stretch his ears and cultivate a feeling for unresolving harmony…​

Then, as we moved out of April and through May – out of nowhere? – came an online performance of ‘Vexations’ [Erik Satie, composed 1893]. I can’t remember how it happened but I became aware of composer and old-time-COMA (Contemporary Music For Amateurs)-buddy Kathy Hinde organising a performance of this infamous piece: a short 42-beat sequence of augmented triads, to be repeated 840 times… ‘very slowly’… something that can take anywhere between 15 and 20+ hours.
This realisation of ‘Vexations’ was comprised of 840 different ‘single passes’ at the 42-beat sequence, recorded by different musicians and submitted to Kathy; these were then rotated using a piece of randomising software until 840 iterations had passed – which did take over 24 hours (I think)... 

I’d taken part in a live realisation of this piece a few years back (2016), as part of the Cheltenham Music Festival. I’d even clocked in an appearance on BBC’s Midlands Today as a result (I was the performer that started the proceedings). It’s a tricky one to prepare for: you can work on the music itself (the score is written using double flats and double sharps to make it deliberately tricky to play), but perhaps you’re unlikely to play it over and over ‘in preparation’ for the ordeal that you will be called upon to undertake... My ‘Vexations Baptism of Fire’ was actually OK: I think I did about 20-25 mins on this occasion, and very much enjoyed the experience… the music has the effect of ‘warping time’ and really focusing the mind.


But as May morphed into June - in fact, on May 31st - Kathy emailed me to let me know that a live solo performance of ‘Vexations’ had begun in Berlin that very day, at 2pm UK time. Pianist Igor Levit (I’d been aware of his recent album ‘Life’) was well underway when I tuned it c.6pm and became immediately fascinated by this (rather voyeuristic) process of self-immolation. His ‘performance’ was to become increasingly nightmarish to witness as his 15-hour ordeal wore on…. the awful reality of the repetition of days, the isolation, the prison that lockdown has the potential to be, was writ large and brutal in this epic struggle of mental strength, perseverance, physical stamina and sheer bloody-mindedness (the link below is an 11-hour extract from the 15-hour performance)...

But – I haven’t yet explained these ‘augmented’ tonalities.

Take a major triad and raise the fifth degree of the scale a semitone; you then have a symmetrical structure: 2 major thirds stacked up (1-3, 3-#5). It’s a chord that’s on the way to somewhere – you could call it a ‘passing chord’, which would usually connect 2 other chords – but when it’s used as a chord on its own terms, the resulting music hangs ambiguously and doesn’t resolve.

Or pick a note, any note, and ascend in intervals of a whole tone. You’ll be playing a whole tone scale, designated by Olivier Messiaen as no. 1 of the ‘modes of limited transposition’ (so-called because you can only transpose it once: up a semitone. If you transpose it again, the resulting set of notes are the same as the original set). This scale is familiar to most people as the musical cliché in a film context, suggesting water or a dream sequence (and usually played on a harp!).

If you build triads out of a whole tone scale, you generate a sequence of augmented triads.

The scale and its chords have appeared in the music of Debussy and other Impressionist composers – it turns out that the current Grade 8 piano syllabus that George is working on contains ‘Voiles’ from Debussy’s 1st Book of Preludes – one of the quintessential wholetone pieces in the piano repertoire. 

And George also wanted to work on some music by Stevie Wonder – initially, ‘Isn’t She Lovely’, which has become a bit of a jazz-standard-showcase; but, it then occurred to me, ‘You Are the Sunshine of My Life’ begins with a rising set of augmented chords…

And then there’s Keith Emerson. A cornerstone of his musical fingerprint is the use of quartal harmonies, sus4-type shapes, and augmented tonalities. Side 2 of the 1st Emerson, Lake & Palmer album opens with 'The Three Fates’, a fiendish piece which is almost exclusively built from these elements, and one that I've been working on since I found a transcription of it at least 10 years ago - and, (co?)incidentally, had chosen to start chipping away at again, just before Lockdown began... So back it came, back onto the music stand during May and June. 

So, at last, we get there. I’m going to start Sunday’s concert with 'The Three Fates', music that has accompanied me from pretty much the beginning of my musical odyssey (my brother was given the ELP album for his 12th birthday, when I was an impressionable 8 year-old, and it became an obsession for me from that point). 'The Three Fates' themselves come from Ancient Greek mythology:
 Clotho ("spinner"), Lachesis ("allotter") and Atropos ("the unturnable", a metaphor for death). They controlled the mother thread of life of every mortal from birth to death. The music is at turns dramatic, rhapsodic, and frantic: 'Clotho', for organ, alternates forte passages based on gritty suspended chords, with florid RH episodes on the flute stop; 'Lachesis' is a relentless augmented-tonality solo piano drama; 'Atropos' is a wholetone-based driving ostinato slap-in-the face, ending with  the music dragging us down into Hades itself.

As is always the case, a 'Piansoscapes' programme evolves in tandem with events that occur leading up to it - sometimes as late as on the day itself. This month there have been two deaths that have impinged on the evolution of the programme: firstly - and continuing the 'augmented tonality' theme - I'll be playing music by another Keith - Keith Tippett, another musical hero (and a Bristolian!) who passed away this month. Improvisation is at the core of his life's work: so finding a specific 'piece' to 'realise' isn't straightforward. fortunately, as part of an 'online memoriam'  my neighbour Mr Fripp posted a song by his good lady, Toyah, which features a guest appearance by Mr Tippett: he’s playing a 2-chord vamp which uses minor-major7 chords – structures which contain within them our old (or new?) friend, the augmented triad… So I’ll be including that piece too, or at least an improvisation on Keith’s bit of it, as a homage to the man himself .

[incidentally – there’s a petition to have the Colston Hall in Bristol renamed as The Keith Tippett Centre’ – sign the petition here - www.change.org/p/bristolmusictrust-org-uk-renaming-colston-hall-to-the-keith-tippett-hall-centre?recruiter=22332670&utm]

And then there’s the music of Mr Fripp himself – in particular, ‘Fracture’ – another piece built almost exclusively from augmented chords and whole-tone materials. However, working this up will take time: notoriously ‘impossible to play’ (on guitar, at any rate!), I’ll be trying to get this ready for July’s 'Pianoscapes’… watch this space…!

​CURIOSER & CURIOSER...

Leaving augmented tonalities aside now... phew… the other pieces I’ll be playing include a homage to actor Ian Holm (the other personage who is lately deceased) – he starred in ‘Chariots of Fire' (1981), and I had the soundtrack album (by Vangelis) as a kid – I particularly like ‘Abrahams Theme’, in C#m. Curiously, The Three Fates ends in a Db major tonality, so I feel a tidy segue coming on… and equally curiously, the Keith Tippett vamp uses the same 2 chord movement as Abraham’s Theme (tonic chord to flattened submediant), so another segue is possible… Serendipity? You couldn’t make this stuff up…

Other elements of the programme will be drawn from the array of pieces that I’m currently working on – not least the long-awaited Prelude 1 op 16 by Scriabin (yay!). The Elton John cover (wait and see) is a request – ‘keeping the customers satisfied’, as Paul Simon might have said… and the Meade Lux Lewis blues is a transcription I made back in the early 1990s. Here's the original -
​ 
There will be a couple of other pieces too, and some improvisation... you'll have to come along to find out...

Incidentally, if you want to hear me playing a single pass of 'Vexations' - the music of the Lockdown - then tune in for the next ‘Lockdown Vexations’, which is broadcast on 12th July. Submissions are invited, if you feel moved to have a go – see satievexations.art . After all this, I’ll definitely be encouraging George to get involved!

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2/10/2016

Open To Ideas

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​Yesterday I had that great feeling of really being inspired by the work of another musician – not just ‘appreciating’ their music, or being impressed by its ‘cleverness’, ‘virtuosity’, or ‘depth of emotional content’ etc – but being shown new things that spark off an excitement and urgency to get busy in the composing lab with my own work. I’m talking about the hour I spent with sound designer Tom Angell showing me around some of his recent creations with Pro Tools and Logic – it opened my mind to ways of working beyond the limited understanding of the software I’ve had until now. It’s like the ways I used to approach working with 4-track tape recorders – I’d never thought to use that approach with digital technology. Inspiring!

We tend to get locked into the way we do things, to stick with what we know. To be shown something outside this framework can really blow a wind of change or at least fresh air through the way we do or see things.  I’ve long been fond of Vincent Persichetti’s ‘Twentieth Century Harmony’, a book I first came across when I was a spotty O level student in the mid 1980’s. The thing I like best about it is that it begins with a paragraph that reads ‘Any tone can succeed any other tone, any tone can sound simultaneously with any other tone or tones, and any group of tones can be followed by any other group of tones, just as any degree of tension or nuance can occur in any medium under any kind of stress or duration. Successful projection will depend upon the contextual and formal conditions that prevail, and upon the skill and soul of the composer”.
Wow. Stop for a minute and re-read that. This is the opening gambit of a music theory textbook. Basically, Vince seems to be saying ‘Never mind Eric Taylor, or those outlawed consecutive octaves in your Bach chorales – anything goes’.
The book then goes on, for well over 200 pages, to explore the 20th C developments in approaches to the elements of music – intervals, scale materials, chords by 3rds, chords by 4ths, polychords, rhythm, textures, tonalities… it present a whole bunch of ideas that my spotty teenage self was becoming increasingly aware of on my journey into music. However, the book concludes with exactly the same paragraph that it began with, giving a sense of negating everything between the covers that might suggest a ‘dogma’ or ‘right way of doing things’.
This had a huge influence on me – yes, I’d been devouring the likes of King Crimson, Derek Bailey and Company, Ligeti and anything weird and ‘out there’ that I could get my mitts on – so this ‘license to do what thou wilt’ came as no surprise, but it was still a revelation to see it so succinctly put in black and white. Perhaps rather dry and academic by today’s standards, the book still represents a potential ‘wind of change’ that could open a whole load of doors for anyone locked in the rut of functional harmony and ‘composing by the rules’.

It’s not unlike Brian Eno and Peter Schmidt’s ‘Oblique Strategies’, which came up in two different contexts recently (see Youtube on the left for one of those - by the fabulous Brothers McLeod                                  (http://www.brothersmcleod.co.uk/ )  – the ‘Oblique Strategies’ are a set of ‘prompt cards’ to draw upon when inspiration runs dry: a prod or a nudge from the outside, to inspire movement.  
​
Which brings us at last to my last example (phew). It was great to get feedback from a piano student on Monday, that she had got home ‘full of beans and enthusiasm!’, inspired by the things we’re working on. H has recently started playing again after too many years away from the piano; she thought that the repertoire from her past – bits of Beethoven, half-started Chopin pieces etc – would be enough for her to continue to chip away at, plus maybe an Einaudi or Nyman piece for a change. She didn’t bargain for me throwing her the curveball of coaxing her into reading chord symbols (she didn't think she could do it) and encouraging her to explore rather than just ‘read’ - so that she could experiment with Bowie’s ‘Life On Mars’, or find herself tackling the colourful, Scriabin-esque harmonies of Bill Evans… she’s now got a license to push beyond the confines of what she knew, and to explore whole new landscapes.

She’s taken a step outside that circle of familiarity; that freshening breeze is blowing through her time at the piano.
​


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2/8/2016

Dark & Stormy...

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​Last night, by chance, and late, I ended up watching a documentary about Shostakovich and his 7th Symphony (‘Leningrad’) – http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06vkbcs - an incredible story about famine, totalitarianism and the power of music. I’ve been a fan of Shost’s music since I was a music student: I played a couple of Preludes as a young teenager, before I really knew anything about the man and his music – but their chromatic ‘weirdness’ and their intensity was enough to keep me interested at that time… then we studied the 5th Symphony at A level, and I gained new understandings and insights. I have Andy K to thank for introducing me to more of his music at Uni… It was there too that I first heard the 8th Quartet, played by a quartet of fellow students, and its bleak beauty in the light of the context of its creation struck me to the core. How ironic then that that very work should end up on the Edexcel A Level syllabus that I taught to several cohorts of students over the years – a privilege to introduce others to that amazing work… I always delivered those sessions with a lump in my throat and tears in my eyes, as the power of the music was undeniable.
Anyhow… Shost’s music has been on the piano stand at Aphelion Towers of late – I’m planning to include a couple of the op.87 preludes and fugues in my All Saints concert, if time permits to ‘get them down’ enough (I’ll be lucky!!). So how come the ‘timely’ Shostakovich on telly? And the recent release of Julian Barnes’ acclaimed new novel ‘The Noise of Time’, a ‘fiction’ about Shostakovich and the ugly situation in which he found himself, being compelled to join the Communist Party and kowtow to Stalin against his artistic and moral judgement? Is there an anniversary I’m not aware of? Dunno, but now seems as good a time as any to be listening to his music. It carries messages of despair & hope, it can be ugly and utterly beautiful… it is always carefully crafted and cleverly deploys compositional techniques familiar to lovers of Bach and Beethoven whilst being totally of it’s own time. It’s very ‘Cold War’ but hey, what times are we living in now if not ‘war’ and a very ‘cold’ one at that? For those who have yet to meet his music, my recommendations would be –

The Piano Quintet – amazing compositional technique and graceful symmetries, eg; in the final few movements. Symphony #5 – from the Soviet bombast of the Finale to the unsettling yet heart-mangling angst in the 3rd movement; String Quartet #8 – dedicated to ‘the victims of fascism & war’ and written after witnessing the destruction of Dresden (supposedly as a final letter before committing suicide, which he didn’t do!); and piano pieces – the ones I tend to play are the same two Preludes (op. 34, written in the winter of 1932/3) that I played all those years back as an intrigued teenager under the watchful ear of Mary K Stevens – nos. 7 & 14 - and Prelude & Fugue 1 and 4 from op.87 (although Prelude 5 and 12 are favourites to play too) – rather more involved and it’s these that I have in mind for All Saints. All Shost’s music have those windy, never-ending chromatic melodies that unsettle and seem so evocative of Cold War uncertainty and paranoia; and he also has a ‘motif’, DSCH (Dmitri Schostakovich!) that he uses as a compositional basis for a lot of his music, making it almost a 4-dimensional puzzle for those who enjoy seeking out and analysing the music…

I’ve also been impressed recently by the playing of Valentina Lisitsa, who plays a lot of Shost’s music. Have a listen to her rendition of his Piano Sonata 2 – make sure that you read the lengthy and impassioned ‘sleeve note’ on the Youtube posting.
​
A final word: Dmitri Shostakovich’s musical inheritors in the next generation included Alfred Schnittke and Galina Ustvolskaya, both now deceased (already!). The music of both these composers is amazing – challenging, yes; radical, yes; powerful, certainly. For pianists, fiendish. But worth checking out: it’s a dark and lonely journey, but one well worth making.

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2/4/2016

Up & Running

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At last, the website is up and running! It's exciting to be a part of the 'online community' - now that I am 'blogging' I can give my son Ben a run for his money! (for his writings, blogs and amazing poetry etc check out www.poetryfix.wordpress.com). Hmmm. It's all about 'ruthless self-promotion' it seems. But there it is...

Oh - I'm told that within 24 hours the address for this site should change to 'chrislongmusic.co.uk', so fingers crossed...

I thought I'd make my first post about an article I read last month. We don't usually 'take The Times' at Aphelion Towers, but somehow a copy found it's way in; this article by James Rhodes seemed very timely (pun intended). In it he extols the virtues of learning to play an instrument (the piano) or simply just 'getting some art into your life': an inspiring sentiment for the start of a new year. If you find the article inspiring, and live local to Pershore and fancy exploring his ideas of learning to play - I'd love to hear from you! 

You can find the article here - http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/style/homes_and_gardens/article1650693.ece- but it's only an extract, so I've taken some photos of the whole thing...

Incidentally, James Rhodes' biography 'Instrumental' is a harrowing but rewarding read. Not for the prudish - he details his 'abused childhood' quite relentlessly  - but his message of 'salvation through music' is a powerful one, and I for one have discovered some new and beautiful music through the ideas in the book and through listening to his albums - at least 3 of those pieces are now in my concert repertoire (try his performance of Silotti's arragement of this amazing Bach Bm Prelude, 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgsnDi_Ojag) . His manner of presenting Classical music - lots of expletives and a bit too 'cool for school' for my liking - isn't to everyone's taste, but at least he's shaking up the Classical music world a bit... and he don't play too badly, either...

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